In the medical field, everything is put in a balance. Before any intervention, a doctor is taking in consideration the benefits of the intervention and the risks of it. Not only the intervention itself, but also the materials used can shift the balance. 

Engineered nanomaterials hold great potential in many sectors of society, not least in medicine. However, the increasing production and use of engineered nanomaterials also raises concerns regarding inadvertent exposure and the potential for adverse effects on human health.

The neurotoxicity of hard metal-based nanoparticles remains poorly understood.